Research - Publications

LiMF is involved in research related to small reserve management. The following is a list of publications that may be of interest to LiMF members.

NB Links are provided to official sources of all publications. Some are open access, however some will require a subscription for access. If you are having trouble accessing an article that you are interested in reading, please contact info@limf.co.za and we will be happy to assist you.

LiMF publications:

McEvoy OK, Miller SM, Beets W, Bodasing T, Borrego N, Burger A, Courtenay B, Ferreira S, Hanekom C, Hofmeyr M, Packer C, Robertson D, Stratford K, Slotow R, Parker DM. 2019. The use of contraceptive techniques in managed wild African lion (Panthera leo) populations to mimic open system cub recruitment. Wildl Res; 46(5): 398-408. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR18079

Miller SM, Bissett C, Burger A, Courtenay B, Dickerson T, Druce DJ, et al. 2013. Management of reintroduced lions in small, fenced reserves in South Africa: An assessment and guidelines. S Afr J Wildl Res; 43: 138-54. http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC143727

Other publications that may be of interest to managers (red indicates LiMF member):

Miller, S.M. 2024. An update on reducing cub recruitment in small, fenced wild lion populations. African Journal of Wildlife Research. 54: 15-19. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.053.0015

Nicholson, S., Bauer, H., Strampelli, P., Sogbohossou, E., Ikanda, D., Tumenta, P.F., Venktraman, M., Chapron, G. & Loveridge, A. 2023. Panthera leo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T15951A231696234. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15951/231696234

Mwampeta, S.B., Roskaft, E., Fyumagwa, R., Belant, J.L. 2023. A review of field techniques to estimate lion presence and abundance. Mammal Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12328

Nicholson, S.K., Dickman, A., Hinks, A., Riggio, J., Bauer, H., Loveridge, A.,… Funston, P.,… Jabobson, A.P. 2023. Socio-political and ecological fragility of threatened, free-ranging African lion populations. Communications Earth & Environment. 4: 302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00959-3

Ball, I.A, Marneweck, D.G., Elliot, N.B., Gopalaswamy, A.M., Fritz, H., Venter, J.A. 2023. Considerations on effort, precision and accuracy for long-term monitoring of African lions (Panthera leo), when using Bayesian spatial explicit capture–recapture models, in fenced protected areas. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10291

Nams, V.O., Parker, D.M., Weise, F.J., Patterson, B.D., Buij, R., Radloff, F.G.T.Funston, P.J.Power, R.J., O’Brien, J.Tambling, C.J.Ferreira, S.M. … Bissett, C. … Beukes, M. 2023. Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus. Mammal Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12309

Olivier, I.R., Tambling, C.J., Muller, L., Radloff, F.G.T. 2022. Lion (Panthera leo) diet and cattle depredation on the Kudu Group Ranch Pastoralist area in southern Maasailand, Kenya. Wildlife Research. https://doi:10.1071/WR22019

Becker, M.S., … Gaylard, A., … Miller, S.M., … Parker, D., … Selier, S.A.J. … Hunter, L. 2022. Guidelines for evaluating the conservation value of African lion (Panthera leo) translocations. Frontiers in Conservation Science. 3:963961. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.963961

McEvoy, O.K., Ferreira, S.M., Parker, D.M. 2022. The impacts of management  interventions on the sociality of African lions (Panthera leo): Implications for lion conservation. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 3:e12135. https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12135

Andrew, K.E. 2022. Settling in: Do reintroduced lions and cheetahs exhibit prey choice shifts? MSc Thesis, Nelson Mandela University

Anner, E. 2022. Refining predator-prey preference at the prey demographic level for cheetah and lion. MSc Thesis, Nelson Mandela University

Bettings, I.A. 2022. Using spatial explicit capture-recapture model to investigate the demography and spatial dynamics of lions prides in Pilanesberg National Park. MSc Thesis, Nelson Mandela University

Bertola, L.D., Miller, S.M., Williams, V.L., Naude, V.N., Coals, P., Dures, S.G., Henschel, P., Chege, M., Sogbohossou, E.A., Ndiaye, A., Kiki, M., Gaylard, A., Ikanda, D.K., Becker, M.S, Lindsey, P. 2022. Genetic guidelines for translocations: maintaining intra-specific diversity in the lion (Panthera leo). Evolutionary Applications https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13318

Banasiak, N.M., Hayward, M.W., Kerley, G.I.H. 2021. Ten years on: have large carnivore reintroductions to the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, worked? African Journal of Wildlife Research https://doi.org/10.3957/056.051.0111

McEvoy, O.K., Ferreira, S.M., Parker, D.M. 2021. The influence of population demographics on lion (Panthera leo) growth rates in small, fenced wildlife reserves. African Journal of Wildlife Research https://doi.org/10.3957/056.0075

Williams, V.L., Coals, P.G., de Bruyn, M., Naude, V.N., Dalton, D.L., Kotzee, A. 2021. Monitoring compliance of CITES lion bone exports from South Africa. PLOSOne https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249306

Wijers, M., Trethowan, P., du Preez, B., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Loveridge, A.J., Macdonald, D.W., Markham, A. 2021. The influence of spatial features and atmospheric conditions on African lion vocal behaviour. Animal Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.027 0003-3472

Di Minin, E., Slotow, R., Fink, C., Bauer, H., Packer, C. 2021. A pan-African spatial assessment of human conflicts with lions and elephants. Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23283-w

Curry, C.J., Davis, B.W., Bertola, L.D., White, P.A., Murphy, W.J., Derr, J.N. 2020. Spatiotemporal genetic diversity of lions reveals the influence of habitat fragmentation across Africa. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa174

Briers-Louw, W.D., Leslie, A.J. 2020. Dietary partitioning of three large carnivores in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi. African Journal of Ecology.  http://DOI: 10.1111/aje.12767

Braga, D.P.deA.F., Pizzutto, C.S…. Fuimaraes, M.A.deB.V., 2020. Suppression of oviarian activity in a captive African lion Panthera leo after deslorelin treatment. Journal of Threatened Taxa. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5803.12.11.16469-16477

Maruping-Mzileni, N.T., Ferreira, S.M., Funston, P.J., Kalala Mutombo, F., Goodall, V. 2020. Horizontal disease transmission in lions from behavioural interfaces via social network analysis. Mammal Research.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00526-7

Kotze, R., Marshal, J.P., Winterbach, C.W., Winterbach, H.E.K., Keith, M. Demographic consequences of habitat loss and crowding in large carnivores: a natural experiment. African Journal of Ecology.  https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12786

Ralls, K., Sunnucks, P., Lacy, R.C., Frankham, R. 2020. Genetic rescue: a critique of the evidence supports maximizing genetic diversity rather than minimizing the introduction of putatively harmful genetic variation. Biological Conservation.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108784

Comley, J., Joubert, C.J., Mgqatsa, N., Parker, D.M. 2020 Battle of the large carnivores: spatial partitioning in a small, enclosed reserve? African Journal of Wildlife Research. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.050.0176

Parker, D.M., van de Vyver D.B., Bissett, C. 2020. The influence of an apex predator introduction on oan already established subordinate predator. Journal of Zoology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12852

Bauer, H., Dickman, A., Chapron, G., Oriol-Cotterill, A., Nicholson, S.K., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hunter, L., Lindsey, P., Macdonald, D.W. 2020. Threat analysis for more effective lion conservation. Oryx. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605320000253

Hutchinson, A. and Roberts, D.L., 2020. Differentiating captive and wild African lion (Panthera leo) populations in South Africa, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation, pp.1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01972-0

Miller, S.M., Druce, D.J., Dalton, D.L., Harper, C.K., Kotze, A., Packer, C., Slotow, R. and Bloomer, P., 2020. Genetic rescue of an isolated African lion population. Conservation Genetics21(1), pp.41-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01231-y

Braczkowski, A., Gopalaswamy, A.M., Nsubuga, M., Allan, J., Biggs, D. and Maron, M., 2020. Detecting early warnings of pressure on an African lion (Panthera leo) population in the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area, Uganda. Ecological Solutions and Evidence1(1), p.e12015.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12015

Sibanda, L., van der Meer, E., Hughes, C., Macdonald, E.A., Hunt, J.E., Parry, R.H., Dlodlo, B., Macdonald, D.W. and Loveridge, A.J., 2020. Exploring perceptions of subsistence farmers in northwestern Zimbabwe towards the African lion (Panthera leo) in the context of local conservation actions. African Journal of Wildlife Research50(1). https://doi.org/10.3957/056.050.0102

Ferreira, S.M. and Funston, P., 2020. African Lion and Spotted Hyaena Changes in Kruger National Park, South Africa. African Studies Quarterly19(2), pp.37-50.

Weckworth, J.K., Davis, B.W., Dubovi, E., Fountain‐Jones, N., Packer, C., Cleaveland, S., Craft, M.E., Eblate, E., Schwartz, M., Mills, L.S. and Roelke‐Parker, M., 2020. Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park. Molecular Ecologyhttps://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15449

Booth, V.R., Masonde, J., Simukonda, C. and Cumming, D.H., 2020. Managing hunting quotas of African lions (Panthera leo): A case study from Zambia. Journal for Nature Conservation, p.125817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125817

Abade, L., Cusack, J., Moll, R.J., Strampelli, P., Dickman, A.J., Macdonald, D.W. and Montgomery, R.A., 2020. The relative effects of prey availability, anthropogenic pressure and environmental variables on lion (Panthera leo) site use in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape during the dry season. Journal of Zoology310(2), pp.135-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12731

Barnardo, T., Tambling, C.J., Davies, A.B., Klein-Snakenborg, S., Asner, G.P., le Roux, E., Cromsigt, J.P., Druce, D.J. and Kerley, G.I., 2020. Opportunistic feeding by lions: non-preferred prey comprise an important part of lion diets in a habitat where preferred prey are abundant. Mammal Research, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00481-3

McCubbin, S.G., 2020. The Cecil Moment: Celebrity environmentalism, Nature 2.0, and the cultural politics of lion trophy hunting. Geoforum108, pp.194-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.015

Beattie, K., Olson, E.R., Kissui, B., Kirschbaum, A. and Kiffner, C., 2020. Predicting livestock depredation risk by African lions (Panthera leo) in a multi-use area of northern Tanzania. European Journal of Wildlife Research66(1), p.11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-019-1348-5

Beukes, M., Radloff, F.G. and Ferreira, S.M., 2020. Spatial and seasonal variation in lion (Panthera leo) diet in the southwestern Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. African Journal of Wildlife Research50(1), pp.55-68. https://doi.org/10.3957/056.050.0055

Dolrenry, S., Hazzah, L. and Frank, L., 2020. Corridors of tolerance through human-dominated landscapes facilitate dispersal and connectivity between populations of African lions Panthera leo. Oryx, pp.1-4. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605319000656

Comley, J., Joubert, C.J., Mgqatsa, N. and Parker, D.M., 2020. Lions do not change rivers: complex African savannas preclude top-down forcing by large carnivores. Journal for Nature Conservation, p.125844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125844

Dagorne, D., Kanté, A. and Rose, J.B., 2020. A citizen science approach to monitoring of the Lion Panthera leo (Carnivora: Felidae) population in Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal. Journal of Threatened Taxa12(1), pp.15091-15105. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5549.12.1.15091-15105

Ferreira, S.M., Beukes, B.O., Haas, T.C. and Radloff, F.G., 2020. Lion (Panthera leo) demographics in the south‐western Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. African Journal of Ecologyhttps://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12728

Gayo, L., Nahonyo, C.L. and Masao, C.A., 2020. Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Local Community Perceptions Towards Lion Conservation: A Case of the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of Asian and African Studies, p.0021909620929382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909620929382

Callealta, I., Ganswindt, A. and Lueders, I., 2020. Reproductive cycle stage assessment using vaginal cytology evaluation in African lions (Panthera leo). Animal Reproduction Science213, p.106260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106260

Grobbelaar, D., 2020. The White Lion as Symbol of the Archetype of the Self and the Cannibalization of the Self in Canned Hunting. Jung Journal14(2), pp.11-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19342039.2020.1742550

Coals, P., Moorhouse, T.P., D’Cruze, N.C., Macdonald, D.W. and Loveridge, A.J., 2020. Preferences for lion and tiger bone wines amongst the urban public in China and Vietnam. Journal for Nature Conservation, 57: p.125874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125874

Braczkowski, A., Gopalaswamy, A.M., Elliot, N.B., Possingham, H.P., Bezzina, A., Maron, M., Biggs, D. and Allan, J.R., 2020. Restoring Africa’s Lions: Start with good counts. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution8, p.138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00138

Gayo, L., Nahonyo, C.L. and Masao, C.A., 2020. Will the sustainability of lion tourist hunting be certain amidst non compliance to conservation legal frameworks? A case of Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Sociology6: pp. 122-145. https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/tjsociology/article/view/3437/3358

Sobratee, N., Slotow, R. 2019. Researcher perspective, research mode, and power structures on outcome bias and implemention gaps. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00081

Davidson-Phillips S, Davidson-Phillips P, Canning G, Schroder B, Swart J, Burger A. 2019. Canine Distemper Virus Management in Lions (Panthera leo) on Welgevonden Game Reserve. Afr J Wildl Res; 49: 155 https://doi.org/10.3957/056.049.0155

Gigliotti LC, Slotow R, Hunter LTB, Fattebert J, Sholto-Douglas C, Jackowski DS. 2019. Context-dependency of top-down, bottom-up, and density-dependent influences on cheetah density. J Anim Ecol https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13099

Dures SG, Carbone C, Loveridge AJ, Maude G, Midlane N, Aschenborn O, Gottelli D. 2019. A century of decline: Loss of genetic diversity in a southern African lion-conservation stronghold. Diversity and Distributions; 25: 870-879
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12905

Briers-Louw WD, Verschueren S, Leslie AJ. 2019. Big cats return to Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi: evaluating reintroduction success. Afr J Wildl Res; 49: 34-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.3957/056.049.0034
https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-130fa58b1b

Power RJ, Van der Merwe V, Page-Nicholson S, Botha MV, Dell S, Nel P. 2019. A note on the reestablishment of the cheetah population in the Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa. Afr J Wildl Res; 49: 12-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.3957/056.049.0012
https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-130f839d90

Pekor A, Miller JRB, Flyman MV, Kasiki S, Miller SM, Uiseb K, van der Merve V, Lindsey, PA. 2019. Fencing Africa’s protected areas: Costs, benefits, and management issues. Biol Conserv; 229: 67-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.10.030
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320718306578

Yiu SW, Karczmarski L, Parrini F, Keith M. 2018. Resource selection in reintroduced lions and the influence of intergroup interactions. J Zool; 307(2): 111-124 https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12620
https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jzo.12620

Snyman A, Raynor E, Chizinski C, Powell L, Carroll J. 2018. African lion (Panthera leo) space use in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfontier Conservation Area. Afr J Wildl Res; 48: 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3957/056.048.023001
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-e307e2399

Ralls K, Ballou JD, Dudash MR, Eldridge MDB, Fenster CB, Lacy RC, Sunnucks P, Frankham R. 2018. Call for a paradigm shift in the genetic management of fragmented populations. Conserv Letters; 11: e12412 doi: 10.1111/conl.12412
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12412/full

Williams, VL, Loveridge AJ, Newton DJ, Macdonald DW. 2017. A roaring trade? The legal trade in Panthera leo bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia. PLoSONE. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185996
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185996

Williams, VL, Loveridge AJ, Newton DJ, Macdonald DW. 2017. Questionnaire survey of the pan-African trade in lion body parts. PLoSONE. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187060
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187060

Lindsey PA, Petracca LS, Funston PJ, Bauer H, Dickman A, Everatt K, Flyman M, Henschel P, Hinks AE, Kasiki S, Loveridge A, Macdonald DW, Mandisodza R, Mgoola W, Miller SM, Nazerali S, Siege L, Uiseb K, Hunter LTB. 2017. The performance of African protected areas for lions and their prey. Biol Conserv; 207: 137-149 doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.01.011
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716305481

Yiu S-W, Parrini F, Karczmarski L, Keith M. 2016. Home range establishment and utilization by reintroduced lions (Panthera leo) in a small South African wildlife reserve. Integr Zool; 12(4): 318-332 doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12243
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1749-4877.12243/epdf

Swanson A, Arnold T, Kosmala M, Forester J, Packer C. 2016. In the absence of a “landscape of fear”: How lions, hyenas, and cheetahs coexist. Ecol Evol. Doi: 10.1002/ece3.2569
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2569/full

Loveridge AJ, Valeix M, Chapron G, Davidson Z, Mtare G, Macdonald DW. 2016. Conservation of large predator populations: Demographic and spatial responses of African lions to the intensity of trophy hunting. Biol Conserv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.024
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716306504

Clements HS, Cumming GS. 2016. Positives and pathologies of natural resource management on private land conservation areas. Conserv Biol. Doi:10.1111/cobi.12864.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12864/full

Trinkel M, Fleischmann PH, Slotow R. 2016. Electrifying the fence or living with consequences? Problem animal control threatens the long-term viability of a free-ranging lion population. J Zool. Doi: 10.1111/jzo.12387
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12387/full

Bertschinger HJ, Caldwell P. 2016. Fertility suppression of some wildlife species in southern Africa – a review. Reprod Domest Anim. DOI: 10.1111/rda.12783
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rda.12783/full

Davies AB, Tambling CJ, Kerley GIH, Asner GP. 2016. Limited spatial response to direct predation risk by African herbivores following predator reintroduction. Ecol Evol. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2312.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2312/full

Bertola LD, Jongloed H, van der Gaag KJ, de Knifjj P, Yamagushi N, Hooghimstra H, Bauer H, Henschel P, White PA, Driscoll CA, Tende T, Ottosson U, Saidu Y, Vrieling K, de Iongh HH. 2016. Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and high resolution delineation of genetic clades in the lion (Panthera leo). Sci Reports; 6: 30807. doi:101038/srep30807.
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep30807

Clements HS, Cumming GS, Kerley GIH. 2016. Predators on private land: broad-scale socioeconomic interactions influence large predator management. EcolSoc; 21:45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08607-210245.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss2/art45/

Miller SM, Harper CK, Bloomer P, Hofmeyr J, Funston PJ. 2015. Fenced and fragmented: Conservation value of managed metapopulations. PlOS ONE; 10: e0144605. doi:10.137/journal.pone.0144605.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0144605

Biodiversity Management Plan for the lion (Panthera leo) in South Africa. 2015. Government Gazette. No. 38706.

Miller SM, Tambling CJ, Funston PJ. 2015. GrowLS: Lion (Panthera leo) population growth simulation for small reserve management planning. Afr J Wildl Res; 45: 169-177.
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC175541

Bissett C, Parker DM, Bernard RTF, Perry TW. 2015. Management-induced niche shift? The activity of cheetahs in the presence of lions. Afr J Wildl Res; 45: 197-203.
https://doi.org/10.3957/056.045.0197

Williams V, Newton, D, Loveridge A, Macdonald D. 2015 Bones of Contention: An assessment of the South African trade in African Lion Panthera leo bones and other body parts. TRAFFIC, Cambridge UK & WildCRU, Oxford UK

Ferreira SM, Hofmeyr M. 2014. Managing charismatic carnivores in spatially restricted areas: Large felids in South Africa. S Afr J Wildl Res; 44: 32-42.
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC151626

Miller SM, Funston PJ. 2014. Rapid growth rates of lion (Panthera leo) populations in small, fenced reserves in South Africa: a management dilemma. S Afr J Wildl Res; 44: 43-55.
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC151625

Miller SM, Harper CK, Bloomer P, Hofmeyr J, Funston PJ. Evaluation of microsatellite markers for population studies and forensic identification of African lions (Panthera leo). 2014. J Hered; 105: 762-72.
http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/08/23/jhered.esu054.full

Tambling CJ, Ferreira SM, Adendorff J, Kerley GIH. 2013. Lessons from management interventions: consequences for lion-buffalo interactions. S Afr J Wildl Res; 43(1):1-11. 2013. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3957/056.043.0116.
http://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC137249

Funston PJ, Groom RJ, Lindsey PA. 2013. Insights into the management of large carnivores for profitable wildlife-based land uses in African savannas. PlOS ONE; 8: e59044. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059044.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059044

Packer C, Loveridge A, Canney S, Caro T, Garnett ST, Pfeifer M, Zander KK, Swanson A, Macnulty D, Balme G, Bauer H, Begg CM, Begg KS, Bhalla S, Bissett C, Bodasing T, Brink H, Burger A, Burton AC, Clegg B, Dell S, Delsink A, Dickerson T, Dloniak SM, Druce D, Frank L, Funston P, Gichohi N, Groom R, Hanekom C, Heath B, Hunter L, Deiongh HH, Joubert CJ, Kasiki SM, Kissui B, Knocker W, Leathem B, Lindsey PA, Maclennan SD, McNutt JW, Miller SM, Naylor S, Nel P, Ng’weno C, Nicholls K, Ogutu JO, Okot-Omoya E, Patterson BD, Plumptre A, Salerno J, Skinner K, Slotow R, Sogbohossou EA, Stratford KJ, Winterbach C, Winterbach H, Polasky S. 2013. Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence. Ecol Letters; 16: 635-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12091

Bissett C, Bernard RTF, Parker DM. 2012. The response of lions (Panthera leo) to changes in prey abundance on an enclosed reserve in South Africa. Acta Theriol; 57: 225-231.
DOI 10.1007/s13364-011-0071-8

Di Minin E, Fraser I, Slotow R, MacMillan DC. 2012. Understanding heterogeneous preferences of tourists for big game species: implications for conservation and management. Anim Conserv; doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00595.x.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00595.x/abstract

Trinkel M, Funston P, Hofmeyr M, Hofmeyr D, Dell S, Packer C, Slotow R. 2010. Inbreeding and density-dependent population growth in a small, isolated lion population. Anim Conser; 13: 374-382. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00344.x.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00344.x/abstract

Slotow R, Hunter LTB. 2009. Reintroduction decisions taken at the incorrect social scale devalue their conservation contribution: the African lion in South Africa. In: Hayward MW, Somers MJ, editors. Reintroduction of Top-Order Predators. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; pp. 41-73.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444312034.ch3/summary

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